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1
Optical
Fiber
Testing
2
Contents
●
The
Optical
Time-Domain
Reflectometer
(OTDR)
●
The
length
measurements:
general
procedure
●
Procedure
for
measurement
of
RE+3/1/x
and
RE-4/1/x
fibers
●
Procedure
for
measurement
of
Cables
2
and
3
●
Connecting
fibers
to
the
patch
panel
●
Testing
after
the
connection
●
Shipping
the
patch
panel
to
P5
●
Summary
of
OTDR
tests
performed
so
far
●
Next
steps
3
The
Optical
Time-Domain
Reflectometer
(OTDR)
●
The
manual
describes
guidelines
on
how
to
connect
and
clean
fibers
in
order
to
ensure
the
OTDR
is
safe
●
The
OTDR
is
designed
for
short-range
(10-100’s
meters
in
order
of
magnitude)
●
Its
photon-counting
technology
allows
measurements
of
distributed
attenuation
and
homogeneity
of
the
fiber
●
The
later
can
help
identify
damages
that
may
occur
during
the
laying
out
of
the
fiber
●
Operation
is
simple:
plug
straight
tip
connector
(STP)
into
the
fiber
array,
connect
OTDR
usb
cable
into
a
PC
and
power-up
the
OTDR
4
The
OTDR:
Principle
of
photon-counting
●
The
OTDR
sends
short
light
pulses
towards
the
Fiber
Under
Test
(FUT)
and
back
reflected
light
is
analysed.
High
resolution
(approx
10
cm)
demands
short
pulses
(approx
1
ns)
and
low
energy
levels.
Photon-counting
is
a
solution
to
both
conditions.
The
OTDR
fills
a
histogram
for
back-reflection
by
counting
photons
●
Andres
was
told
by
an
expert
that
a
standard
STP
is
used
for
400
OTDR
test.
We
have
used
our
“poor
man”
version
of
a
STP
for
around
2300
tests.
5
The
OTDR:
back-reflection
measurement
●
Calculating
reflectance
in
an
OTDR
is
a
complicated
process
involving
the
baseline
of
the
OTDR,
backscatter
level
and
power
in
the
reflected
peak
as
shown
in
the
diagram
below.
Since
reflectance
is
defined
as
a
fraction
of
the
power
in
the
test
signal,
the
OTDR
must
calculate
the
test
power
from
the
backscatter
level
of
the
fiber,
based
on
the
typical
backscatter
coefficient
of
the
fiber
being
tested.
●
But
this
is
done
automatically
by
the
OTDR
software
http://www.thefoa.org/tech/ref/testing/test/reflectance.html
6
The
length
measurements:
general
procedure
●
The
amount
of
light
reflected
at
a
joint
between
two
fibers
is
determined
by
electromagnetic
processes.
●
Connectors
produce
reflectance
peaks,
higher
peaks
indicate
higher
reflectance.
●
The
position
of
each
visible
peak
is
computed
by
the
OTDR
software.
●
We
identify
the
connectors
surrounding
a
fiber
of
interest
and
read
their
difference.
This
difference
is
the
length
of
the
cable.
●
Technical
details
of
the
measurement
on
the
manual
that
can
be
consulted
online:
http://www.ttswebsite.com/manuals/otdr_distance.pdf
7
Procedure
for
measurement
of
RE+3
and
RE-4
●
Cables
were
given
in
boxes
containing
8
in
total.
We
connected
them
in
series
into
the
OTDR
as
shown
by
the
happy
person
on
the
picture.
●
An
orange
cable
is
used
as
straight
tip
connector
(STP)
to
join
the
OTDR
to
the
series.
A
blue
cable
is
used
to
end
the
series
●
Every
connection
was
cleaned
appropriately
before
testing
8
Procedure
for
measurement
of
RE+3
and
RE-4
Results
of
the
measurement:
the
software’s
default
settings
showed
fluctuations
(left
screenshot)
that
did
not
allow
an
understanding
of
the
results.
Different
sampling
averages
were
tested
(middle
and
right
figures).
The
average
with
the
best
position
resolution
was
selected
empirically
(middle
fig.)
for
the
rest
of
the
measurements.
The
10
cables
(8
for
testing,
input
and
output)
can
be
seen
in
the
resulting
screen.
9
Procedure
for
measurement
of
Cable
2
and
3
Cables
2
and
3
are
asymmetric:
●
on
one
end
they
have
12x12
optical
connectors
sorted
by
color
(can
be
seen
at
the
bottom
of
the
picture)
●
on
the
other
end
they
have
a
6
cables
each
with
24
small
(nm
radius)
outputs
(can
be
seen
in
the
middle
of
the
picture)
10
Procedure
for
measurement
of
Cable
2
and
3
●
The
map
of
the
colors
to
the
number
of
the
cable
connector
is
shown
in
the
figure
●
Each
connection
was
cleaned
as
the
OTDR
manual
demands
●
The
first
test
was
performed
with
a
series
with
one
of
each
cable
●
The
2nd
test
was
performed
with
2
cables
of
each
in
series
11
Procedure
for
measurement
of
Cable
2
and
3
12
Corrugated
Pipe
●
After
the
tests,
optical
fiber
for
the
patch-panel
was
protected
with
corrugated
pipes
●
After
the
cables
were
protected
they
were
tested
again,
in
order
to
check
that
the
procedure
did
not
damage
the
fibers
13
Connecting
the
fibers
to
the
patch-panel
●
The
protected
fibers
will
be
installed
in
P5
soon
(this
was
written
on
June
18)
●
They
will
be
installed
in
a
box
we
call
patch-panel
●
The
connection
was
performed
by
my
colleague
Gabriel
Artemio
Ayala
Sanchez
14
Shipping
patch
panel
to
P5
●
After
the
connection
procedure
fibers
were
arranged
in
a
wood
table
in
order
to
facilitate
its
transport
to
P5
●
After
the
arrangement
was
done,
the
fibers
were
tested
once
more
with
the
OTDR.
●
Finally,
on
June
14
at
10
am
the
patch-panel
setup
was
retrieved
from
904
and
sent
to
P5
15
Summary
of
OTDR
tests
performed
so
far
7
May
-
288
RE3
14
May
-
C2,
C3
16
May
-
288
20
May
-
(next)
21
May
-
RE4
22
May
-
288
23
May
-
288
C2/3
24
May
-
96
RE3
27
May
-
168
RE3
--Corrugated
test--
28
May
-
24
RE4
31
May
-
12
C4
1
June
-
12
C4
3
June
-
96
C4
4
June
-
24
C4
5
June
-
108
C4
--Test
on
Panel--
6
June
-
24
RE4
11
June
-
96
RE3/4
C2/2
12
June
-
184
RE3/4
C2/2
13
June
-
128
RE3/4
C2/2
14
June
-
160
RE3/4
C2/2
Total
tests
=
2308
16
Next
steps
●
The
summary
and
the
datafiles
produced
by
the
OTDR
for
all
the
tests
is
available
at
CERN
box
as
a
compressed
document:
https://cernbox.cern.ch/index.php/s/Gh3mq3M5ZQycp65
●
The
patch-panel
for
the
other
endcap
must
be
set
up
and
send
to
P5
urgently
Optical
Fiber
Testing
Contents
●
The
Optical
Time-Domain
Reflectometer
(OTDR)
●
The
length
measurements:
general
procedure
●
Procedure
for
measurement
of
RE+3/1/x
and
RE-4/1/x
fibers
●
Procedure
for
measurement
of
Cables
2
and
3
●
Connecting
fibers
to
the
patch
panel
●
Testing
after
the
connection
●
Shipping
the
patch
panel
to
P5
●
Summary
of
OTDR
tests
performed
so
far
●
Next
steps
The
Optical
Time-Domain
Reflectometer
(OTDR)
●
The
manual
describes
guidelines
on
how
to
connect
and
clean
fibers
in
order
to
ensure
the
OTDR
is
safe
●
The
OTDR
is
designed
for
short-range
(10-100’s
meters
in
order
of
magnitude)
●
Its
photon-counting
technology
allows
measurements
of
distributed
attenuation
and
homogeneity
of
the
fiber
●
The
later
can
help
identify
damages
that
may
occur
during
the
laying
out
of
the
fiber
●
Operation
is
simple:
plug
straight
tip
connector
(STP)
into
the
fiber
array,
connect
OTDR
usb
cable
into
a
PC
and
power-up
the
OTDR
The
OTDR:
Principle
of
photon-counting
●
The
OTDR
sends
short
light
pulses
towards
the
Fiber
Under
Test
(FUT)
and
back
reflected
light
is
analysed.
High
resolution
(approx
10
cm)
demands
short
pulses
(approx
1
ns)
and
low
energy
levels.
Photon-counting
is
a
solution
to
both
conditions.
The
OTDR
fills
a
histogram
for
back-reflection
by
counting
photons
●
Andres
was
told
by
an
expert
that
a
standard
STP
is
used
for
400
OTDR
test.
We
have
used
our
“poor
man”
version
of
a
STP
for
around
2300
tests.
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